abcd5836 2024-9-16 03:53
[一代综师]【人文】观展寻宝系列游记之十二：定州博物馆、青州博物馆 --4[100P]
[size=1]↑↓贴金彩绘圆雕菩萨立像（东魏·534～550年）。通高200厘米。虽然双臂残缺，但造型端庄秀美。面带耐人寻味的微笑，富有含蓄沉静的气质，被誉为“东方维纳斯”。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5712000fgxx04k745D_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5712000fgxx04k745D_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0g12000fgxxyxrBBA5_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0g12000fgxxyxrBBA5_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6k12000fgxwsplE493_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6k12000fgxwsplE493_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf7112000fgymi7vD622_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf7112000fgymi7vD622_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3b12000fgyr1fg2D90_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3b12000fgyr1fg2D90_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗龛式佛菩萨弟子五尊像（唐·618～907年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1v12000fgyrkoj4899_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1v12000fgyrkoj4899_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩绘供养人像（北齐·550～577年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5j12000fgys7qjAEE2_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5j12000fgys7qjAEE2_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1w12000fgyqfrhD22D_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1w12000fgyqfrhD22D_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩绘圆雕佛立像（北齐·550～577年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6d12000fgyq9vp5289_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6d12000fgyq9vp5289_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0f12000fgyr8jx3687_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0f12000fgyr8jx3687_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛立像（北齐·550～577年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1d12000fgyqtwaBF05_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1d12000fgyqtwaBF05_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓彩绘圆雕菩萨立像（东魏·534～550年）。特别之处在于菩萨宝冠上雕饰一只精致写实的“蝉”。蝉在古代因“居高饮絜、口在掖下”被认为是神秘而圣洁的灵物。又因其整个生命历程有着神奇的变化和再生而备受推崇，佛教吸纳这一形象，更曾添了轮回的意味。“蝉冠”是权贵的象征，“蝉冠菩萨”极为罕见，山东博物馆也有一件类似的珍宝。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5m12000fh0dmatA71F_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5m12000fh0dmatA71F_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0y12000fgyr5l72D87_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0y12000fgyr5l72D87_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛立像（北魏晚期至东魏·500～550年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0612000fgys79qC8A6_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0612000fgys79qC8A6_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩绘圆雕佛立像（北魏晚期·500～534年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1212000fgzf3se9A7D_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1212000fgzf3se9A7D_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓贴金彩绘圆雕菩萨立像（北齐至隋·550～618年）。下垂的眼帘，给人高冷的感觉。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6j12000fgzdd0g9FCF_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6j12000fgzdd0g9FCF_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2c12000fgzhcqx7E0E_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2c12000fgzhcqx7E0E_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘左胁侍菩萨半身像（东魏·534～550年）。面含微笑，额前长发梳成五个圆瓣，颈佩贴金项圈、璎珞，造型端庄秀美，轮廓线简洁流畅。胁侍是辅佐佛度化众生的菩萨。依据《华严经》教义造像时，通常在主尊毗卢遮那佛两侧，设置文殊菩萨、普贤菩萨，作为左右胁侍。后面将看到右胁侍菩萨像。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3d12000fgzfexg5C39_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3d12000fgzfexg5C39_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛头像（北魏晚期·500～534年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4y12000fgzhpgaBCBB_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4y12000fgzhpgaBCBB_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛头像（北齐·550～577年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2a12000fgzg85l7DEE_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2a12000fgzg85l7DEE_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩绘供养人头像（北宋·960～1127年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6012000fgzml5a30A6_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6012000fgzml5a30A6_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗线刻菩萨残件（唐·618～907年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1r12000fh18gv2E527_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1r12000fh18gv2E527_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩绘持乐飞天（北魏晚期至东魏·500～550年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0w12000fh19cwk4DA8_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0w12000fh19cwk4DA8_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗背屏式造像莲花座（东魏·534～550年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1912000fgzqmluBF4B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1912000fgzqmluBF4B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]又一组雕像[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2z12000fgzrra32D1D_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2z12000fgzrra32D1D_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩绘圆雕佛立像（北齐·550～577年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6k12000fgzt5z1DA7A_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6k12000fgzt5z1DA7A_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛立像（北齐·550～577年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0n12000fgzscq1EA1D_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0n12000fgzscq1EA1D_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩绘圆雕佛立像（北齐·550～577年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2o12000fgzpg7347B9_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2o12000fgzpg7347B9_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛坐像（隋·581～618年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4g12000fgzpg77FBE2_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4g12000fgzpg77FBE2_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗圆雕佛坐像（唐·618～907年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2612000fgzsl8pCA5B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2612000fgzsl8pCA5B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗圆雕佛坐像（唐·618～907年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2p12000fgzx03d6FBC_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2p12000fgzx03d6FBC_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0312000fgzxm4q3F0A_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0312000fgzxm4q3F0A_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗圆雕罗汉坐像（北宋·960～1127年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fgzx02r893B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fgzx02r893B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓圆雕法界人中像残件（北齐·550～577年）。“人中”意指“人体之中”，是基于《华严经》法界观，在佛像身上绘造诸世界形象，以实现法界思想的具象化。此人中像高115厘米、宽43厘米、厚25厘米，以双阴线将袈裟分为十三格，刻绘山峦、宫殿、人物、动物等六道轮回内容及佛说法图案。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4d12000fgzu4axF41F_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4d12000fgzu4axF41F_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1912000fgzwv2gDDA5_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1912000fgzwv2gDDA5_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1v12000fh1ct79D1E0_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1v12000fh1ct79D1E0_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓贴金彩绘右胁侍菩萨像（东魏·534～550年）。前面看了左胁侍文殊菩萨半身像，这是右胁侍普贤菩萨全身像。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0112000fh1arsj9DAB_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0112000fh1arsj9DAB_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5j12000fh1cesl2692_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5j12000fh1cesl2692_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓贴金彩绘圆雕佛立像（北齐·550～597年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5a12000fipdyboBA7F_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5a12000fipdyboBA7F_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5p12000fioy8hqBFF8_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5p12000fioy8hqBFF8_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6i12000fioxgpb42F9_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6i12000fioxgpb42F9_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3k12000fipg6f17E86_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3k12000fipg6f17E86_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘背屏式佛菩萨三尊像（东魏·534～550年）。又是贴金彩绘，绚丽多姿，美不胜收。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1112000fh1d7us2DDB_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1112000fh1d7us2DDB_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛立像（北齐·550～597年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2f12000fh1pn2s745F_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2f12000fh1pn2s745F_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛头像（东魏至北齐·534～597年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3k12000fh1rpcnA781_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3k12000fh1rpcnA781_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金佛手（北朝晚期·500～581年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0q12000fh1s6wfA16E_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0q12000fh1s6wfA16E_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛足（北朝晚期·500～581年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6112000fh1rprf5EE9_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6112000fh1rprf5EE9_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓贴金彩绘圆雕思惟菩萨像（北齐·550～597年）。这件也是面带微笑，可与前面“东方维纳斯”媲美。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0812000fil3ymf938B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0812000fil3ymf938B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5812000fh1qapm8793_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5812000fh1qapm8793_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3b12000fh1s4q62805_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3b12000fh1s4q62805_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5p12000fh5xmhf95D7_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5p12000fh5xmhf95D7_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕菩萨立像（北齐·550～597年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0312000fh5xzp26D67_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0312000fh5xzp26D67_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕佛立像（北齐·550～597年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1o12000fh5x7p813E2_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1o12000fh5x7p813E2_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘圆雕菩萨立像（北齐·550～597年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3m12000fh5y5tg6243_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3m12000fh5y5tg6243_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4u12000fh5yd2h146F_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4u12000fh5yd2h146F_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓贴金彩绘圆雕菩萨立像（北齐·550～597年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0p12000fh5x26k441F_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0p12000fh5x26k441F_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1s12000fh5xgpiCFCD_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1s12000fh5xgpiCFCD_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]序厅和尾厅的两座佛像遥遥相望，注视众生。“青州微笑”意味深长，“一眼千年”摄人心魄。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5612000fh6380w666D_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5612000fh6380w666D_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1012000fh6640c7A34_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1012000fh6640c7A34_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]在四楼接受佛教洗礼后，到二楼参观青州历史陈列。“宜子孙”玉璧、赵秉忠殿试卷两件镇馆之宝在这里展陈。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6912000fh65qyaEEA7_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6912000fh65qyaEEA7_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]“面山负海古诸侯，信美东方第一州”。这是北宋文学家、思想家苏辙在《送龚鼎臣谏议移守青州二首》中，对古青州区位优势、物阜民康的赞美。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fh667eu966A_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fh667eu966A_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]现在的青州是县级市，历史上却位列“九州”。其名始见于《尚书·禹贡》“海岱惟青州”。“海”是山东东部大海，“岱”指泰山，古青州位于山海之间的东方，因“东方属木、木色为青”而得名。早在一万年前，这里就有人类繁衍生息。此后受北辛文化、大汶口文化、龙山文化、岳石文化影响，东夷文化在此生根发芽。夏商时期，古青州作为东夷部落活动的重要区域，存在不少方国，有见诸史册的季崱氏、逄伯陵氏、薄姑氏，以及神秘的亚醜族。周初归于齐国，历春秋战国均为齐属。秦统一天下后，置三十六郡，青州属临淄郡。西汉元封五年（公元前106年），设青州刺史部，自此至明初成为山东省会，青州一直是山东境内政治、经济、军事、文化中心，长达1400余年，谱写了中华文明的独特篇章。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2h12000fh6zrwl67DC_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2h12000fh6zrwl67DC_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗刮削器（细石器时代·距今一万年左右）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0g12000fh6zq06D49B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0g12000fh6zq06D49B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗桂叶形石铲（北辛文化·距今7300～6300年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5j12000fh7ew2a0EEE_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5j12000fh7ew2a0EEE_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩陶壶（大汶口文化·距今6100～4600年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0412000fh7fv0m6299_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0412000fh7fv0m6299_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗黑陶杯（大汶口文化·距今6100～4600年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5v12000fh6zq032389_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5v12000fh6zq032389_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗陶背壶（龙山文化·距今4600～4000年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1o12000fh73rilBD26_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1o12000fh73rilBD26_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓线刻划陶拍（龙山文化·距今4600～4000年）。高12.8厘米。呈倒圆锥形。顶端中央有一圆孔，周围及下部有阴线刻划的图案。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2612000fh77tnd0DEF_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2612000fh77tnd0DEF_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1212000fh771mtEB5F_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1212000fh771mtEB5F_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗陶鼎（岳石文化·距今3900～3500年）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fh768in10EB_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fh768in10EB_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗“亚醜”铭铜钺、饕餮纹铜钺（商）。仿制品。均出土于青州苏埠屯1号商墓。“亚醜”铜钺长32.5厘米，宽34.5厘米，重4.6千克。口两侧各有铭文“亚醜”二字。原件现藏山东博物馆。饕餮纹铜钺长31.7厘米，宽35.7厘米，重4.9千克。钺身两侧无扉棱，整器无铭文。原件现藏中国国家博物馆。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1u12000fh77cuvA38B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1u12000fh77cuvA38B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓金环首（战国）。高5.6厘米，宽5.4厘米。整体略呈椭圆形，为卷曲成环的异兽形象。兽头长有锥状犄角，耳朵狭长，前部为勾喙状鹰嘴，耳后为卷曲状纹饰，身上刻有细绒毛。该异兽形象与草原文化流行的神兽格里芬颇为相似，带有斯基泰艺术风格。金环首应为剑或刀等青铜器的环首部分，长方形柄部中空成銎，便于嵌入器身。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2012000fh775fjDD2D_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2012000fh775fjDD2D_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3d12000fhlwpl2433B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3d12000fhlwpl2433B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗“鱼伯己”铜觚（西周）。腰腹部饰有横置三角蝉纹，脰部以下饰云纹。圈足内侧铸阴文“鱼伯己”，“鱼”为族徽，“伯”为封号，“己”是国名（通“纪”，即纪国）。该器表明，商晚周初齐地土著东夷诸族后裔已建立纪国。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4n12000fh7kpqr8631_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4n12000fh7kpqr8631_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗右庶长之玺（战国）。边长6.3厘米。铜印正面镌“右庶长之玺”五字。商鞅变法前秦国设有大庶长、右庶长、左庶长、驷车庶长“四庶长”，既是爵位又是官职。商鞅变法后，各庶长实权被削弱，虚化为军功爵位，右庶长在秦二十等爵制中列第十一等。此印对研究秦代官职改革有一定意义。也有学者认为此印尺寸偏大，印文为大篆，与战国时秦国通行的小篆不符，系伪造。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4j12000fh7kxfh3DBF_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf4j12000fh7kxfh3DBF_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓“宜子孙”玉璧（东汉）。镇馆之宝之一。1982年出土于青州市谭坊镇马家冢子东汉墓。通高20.8厘米，直径15.5厘米，内径2.6厘米。白玉质，间有墨色。内区饰有158个乳丁，外区饰蟠螭纹，出廓上方两边透雕双龙纹钮，钮中间透雕篆书“宜子孙”三字，寓意“子子孙孙宜室宜家”。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1412000fh7kv0u9ECC_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1412000fh7kv0u9ECC_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]目前国内出土的汉代玉璧中，刻有汉字“宜子孙”的仅三件。该玉璧是迄今发现的最大、最完整、质地最优、艺术性最高的一件。难得的珍品，从正面、侧面、背面仔细看看吧。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1k12000fh7kv81F911_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1k12000fh7kv81F911_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1j12000fh7lebv7938_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1j12000fh7lebv7938_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6n12000fhf22cx5A99_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6n12000fhf22cx5A99_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗齐法化、齐之法化、安阳之法化、节墨之法化、齐返邦长法化（战国）。这是一套齐国刀币，俗称齐大刀，厚重大气，面文华美。其中六字刀“齐返邦长法化”最珍贵，是公元前279年大将田单复国后齐襄王还都临淄时铸造的，中国最早的纪念币。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2d12000fhewj06B774_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2d12000fhewj06B774_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗賹六化钱（战国）。賹（ài）化钱是齐国的辅币，共有賹化、賹四化、賹六化三种。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2w12000fhezfo56D7E_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2w12000fhezfo56D7E_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗铜蚂蚱（战国）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1h12000fhewxqrF22B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1h12000fhewxqrF22B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗盔形器（战国）。陶质。尖底圆口，外形像头盔，是古代一种煮盐晒盐用具。山东沿海地区多有发现。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5s12000fhidvla27BC_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5s12000fhidvla27BC_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗铜提梁壶（战国）。高35厘米，口径18厘米。壶身两侧有环形耳，壶盖两侧有活动环，壶腹有两道凸弦纹。提梁构造精巧，由八节带有小钩和圆环的铜铸件连接而成，每边四节，两两相连，套扣牢固，使壶盖可自由开合，但不能单独取下。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3d12000fhfpva45C40_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3d12000fhfpva45C40_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗铜鑑、铜匜（战国）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0c12000fhfqidiF30A_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0c12000fhfqidiF30A_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓裸体玉人（战国）。高5厘米，宽1.5～1.6厘米。共八个，分两个陶盒盛放，每盒两男两女，均为裸体。生殖器刻画明显，但第二特征不明显，呈儿童状。男性头戴平顶型发饰，颌下系带，两端交叉搭于胸前。女性发丝清晰可数，无发饰，披发散置腰际。这组玉人应为祭祀用具，祈祷多子多福。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3312000fhfq37f1809_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3312000fhfq37f1809_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6b12000fhfqcxlA790_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6b12000fhfqcxlA790_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2l12000fhfpncr11FF_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2l12000fhfpncr11FF_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fhg7i0kE24E_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fhg7i0kE24E_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓束竹柱（东汉）。高234厘米，周长139厘米。圆柱自上而下浮雕内容可分为四个部分，第一部分是圆珠纹、绞索纹、连弧纹、三角纹组成的复合花纹带；第二部分是上下两端用编织绳纹捆绑的束竹；第三部分是龙、虎、熊、禽、鸟等各种动物；第四部分是云气纹。类似汉代石柱在北京、济南、安丘、乐山等地也有发现，反映了文化交流与融合。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2c12000fhg89mhF860_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2c12000fhg89mhF860_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6512000fhfypld24E0_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6512000fhfypld24E0_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗“召嘉”印（西汉）。边长2.3厘米，通高1.8厘米。印面阴文篆刻“召嘉”，西汉开国功臣召欧之孙。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fhie4q1ECE1_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0212000fhie4q1ECE1_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗铺首衔环（西汉）。通长28厘米，重约5千克。铺首头戴山字形冠，双目突出，巨口张开，口中衔环。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2o12000fhfzbqm7538_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2o12000fhfzbqm7538_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩陶壶（西汉）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0x12000fhfzugr2816_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0x12000fhfzugr2816_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗鎏金铜镇（西汉）。也称席镇。外形似一只回首俯卧的猎豹。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6h12000fhj88mrD3F4_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf6h12000fhj88mrD3F4_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗鎏金铜凤鸟（西汉）。通高11.4厘米，宽2.6厘米。首尾相接，凤尾高出头部，体态轻盈，作飞翔起舞状。凤羽末端似卷云纹向下卷曲，三羽向左，两羽向右。腹部饰波浪羽纹。造型挺拔灵秀，刚柔并济。可能是插在器物上的构件。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0j12000fhjefn04542_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0j12000fhjefn04542_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗彩绘女立俑、男立俑、骑马俑（西汉）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5f12000fhfzx654AB5_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5f12000fhfzx654AB5_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗跽坐胡俑（西汉）。复制品。原件藏山东博物馆。高3米。胡俑头戴尖顶帽，帽边饰穿璧纹。面部较长，眉间突出，深目高鼻，两腮略残，下巴尖窄。身着紧身袖衫，双手交于胸前，系穿璧纹饰腰带，下穿紧腿裤，双膝并拢，两脚压于臀下，脚心向后，呈跽坐式。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0d12000fhk6sgf7F5B_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0d12000fhk6sgf7F5B_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗“千秋万岁”铭文空心砖（东汉）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1012000fhk6lc507DB_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1012000fhk6lc507DB_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗青釉鸡首盘口壶（东汉）[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1312000fhk749yB9AC_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf1312000fhk749yB9AC_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↑↓粟特艺术石棺床构件（北齐）。高130～135厘米，宽80～104厘米，厚10～30厘米。图案表现的是粟特人饮食、交谈、出行、商旅驼运等情形。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0412000fhk776b9149_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0412000fhk776b9149_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]粟特人以善于经商著称，南北朝后曾大批徙入中国新疆和内地。近年来在青州、安阳、太原、西安、天水等地，相继发现一批北朝至隋代进入中原的西域粟特人墓葬。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2b12000fhkgpbf96CC_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf2b12000fhkgpbf96CC_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0512000fhk6d1wC519_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf0512000fhk6d1wC519_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗贴金彩绘石雕背屏式佛菩萨三尊像（北魏）。1994年出土于县城酒厂南工地。与前面龙兴寺遗址造像类似，面部有浅浅的笑容。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5r12000fhk651nD175_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf5r12000fhk651nD175_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1]↗石雕佛立像（北齐）。1994年出土于县城建材厂。[/size]
[size=1][url=https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3n12000fhk6y6r9D1F_R_1024_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient][img]https://dimg04.c-ctrip.com/images/1mf3n12000fhk6y6r9D1F_R_800_10000_Q90.jpg?proc=autoorient[/img][/url][/size]
[size=1] ↑↓“正始五年道宗”题记石羊（东汉）。兴国寺遗址出土。长118厘米，宽60厘米。卧姿，头扭向身体右侧。胸前有两块方形题记，上方字样为“正始五年道宗……”，下方的已无法辨认[/size]
[[i] 本帖最后由 abcd5836 于 2024-9-16 04:22(GMT+8) 编辑 [/i]]